Who gets 15 and 30 hours of free childcare and how do I apply?
- Published
Parents in England are now entitled to 15 hours a week of free childcare for their two-year-olds.
The government hopes the scheme, which will include all under-5s from 2025, will get more parents back to work.
But there are serious concerns about the number of staff and places needed.
What free childcare can I get?
Extra help with childcare costs in England is being rolled out in stages. Some free hours were already available.
The help you can get depends on the age of your child, and whether you are working, or receiving certain benefits.
Working parents can get:
- 15 hours free childcare a week for two-year-olds from April 2024
- 15 hours free childcare for nine month olds from September 2024
- 30 hours free childcare for three and four-year-olds was already available
- 30 hours free childcare for all under-5s from September 2025
To qualify for the new hours, the majority of parents must earn more than £8,670, but less than £100,000 per year.
Those on certain benefits can already get:
If you don't work, you might still be eligible for 30 hours of free childcare if your partner works, or you receive certain benefits.
How do working parents apply for free childcare hours?
Parents should apply before the start of the term when their child will be eligible.
The deadline for free hours for two-year-olds for the summer term has passed. Those who missed it will now have to wait until September.
Applications for parents of nine-month-olds open on 12 May for the September term.
Parents are advised to apply as soon as possible.
Once approved, you'll get a code to give to your officially-registered childcare provider.
Free childcare hours are designed to be used over 38 weeks of the year - during school term time.
However, some providers will stretch them over 52 weeks if you use fewer hours per week.
The government website has details of the deadlines to apply for each age group.
What isn't covered by the free childcare hours?
The government is increasing the hourly rate it pays childcare providers offering free hours.
However, in many cases, this rate does not cover the full cost of the childcare. So, some providers charge for extras like meals, nappies, sun cream or trips.
The Department for Education (DfE) says all additional costs are voluntary, and parents should be told they can supply their own food and supplies to make their childcare entirely free.
However, the charity Pregnant Then Screwed says its research found almost a quarter (23%) of parents said they couldn't afford to access free childcare hours because of top-up fees.
How expensive is UK childcare?
The average cost of full-time nursery (50 hours a week) for a child under two in Britain will be £15,709 across 2024, according to children's charity Coram, up from just under £15,000 in 2023.
Actual costs can vary significantly depending on where you live.
But Coram's 2024 figure represents about 45% of average pay for a full-time worker in the UK.
Are there enough childcare places?
About 85,000 more childcare places and 40,000 extra staff will be needed by September 2025, the DfE estimates.
A National Audit Office (NAO) report said a decision to cancel a £35m pilot aimed at testing the scheme's feasibility had created "significant" uncertainty around whether nurseries and childminders would be able to help deliver the plan.
The plans would increase the attainment gap between children from richer families and their poorer peers, it added.
According to Coram, the availability of nursery and childminder places has worsened for all ages of pre-school children across England, Scotland and Wales.
It says fewer than a third of councils (29%) have enough spaces for under-twos in 2024, down from 42% in 2023.
The government is offering a cash incentive of £600 to those who become childminders (or £1,200 for those joining via an agency).
The Department for Education doesn't yet have figures for the numbers who have signed up, but says childcare staffing rose by 4% across 2023 as a whole. However, the number of childminders - those providing early years care in homes - has continued to decrease.
It adds that while the latest Office for National Statistics data shows the total population of 0-5 year olds has fallen 1% per year from 2018 to 2022, the number of childcare places increased by 40,000 between 2018 and 2023.
In the 2024 Budget, Chancellor Jeremy Hunt said the government would guarantee payments to childcare providers for two years to help provide stability.
Shadow education secretary Bridget Phillipson said Labour would not commit to honouring the government's childcare plan if it wins the next general election, because she does not believe the necessary spaces will be available.
What childcare help is available in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland?
Although all three and four-year-olds are entitled to some free childcare across the UK, different schemes operate in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
In each case, care must be delivered by officially-registered providers.
What other financial help can parents get for childcare costs?
Parents may be entitled to other support, including the UK-wide tax-free childcare scheme.
For every £8 you pay into an online childcare account, the government adds £2 (up to £2,000 per child per year, or £4,000 for disabled children).
Parents who qualify for free childcare hours can save in the tax-free scheme as well.
The Care to Learn scheme offers further help to student parents who are under 20 at the start of their course.
The government has a childcare calculator to help compare available schemes.