Menya ibi vyuka vya phosphore Israel ikoresha mu bitero vyayo muri Libani

Kuva mu mezi atandatu aheze, Israel ibandanya ikoresha ibisasu vy'ivyuka vya phosphore mu bumanuko bwa Libani/Lebanon.

Ibi ni ivyuka vy’ubumara, vyonona amaso n’amahaha kandi bigatera n’ubushe bukomeye, ari na co gituma bigenzurwa cane n’amategeko mpuzamakungu.

Igisirikare ca Israel kivuga ko ikoreshwa ry’ibi bisasu bitabonwa kumwe ku barwanyi bayigeramiye bari muri Gaza na Libani rikurikije amategeko. Hagati aho, amashirahamwe aharanira agateka ka zina muntu avuga ko ari ngombwa ko rikorwako amatohoza kugira ngo barabe nimba atari icaha co mu ntambara. Abanyamerika bavuga ko bazokora amatohoza kugira bamenye nimba Israel yarakoresheje ibi vyuka vya phosphore muri utu turere twompi.

Ikoreshwa ry’ibi bisasu hafi y’abasivire, ingabo za Israel zoba ziriko zihonyanga amategeko? Canke na ho, bwoba ari uburenganzira bwabo mu gihe bari mu ntambara?

"Bigenda nk’igipfungu cera. Ariko bishitse hasi, bicika umukungugu".

Ku wa 19 Gitugutu (10), 2023, Ali Ahmed Abu Samra, umurimyi w’imyaka 48 wo mu bumanuko bwa Libani, yavuze ko yisanze mu gicu cinshi c’umwotsi wera.

Ati: "Bavuga ko kimota nk’igitungurusumu, ariko kiranuka gusumba aho. Umunuko waco ntiwowushobora. Uranuka gusumba amazirantoke".

Ali arasigura igitero c’ibi vyuka vya phosphore.

Ibisasu vy’ubu bwoko vyaka gushika ku bushuhe bwa 815C, biraturira cane kandi ni uburozi bubi cane.

Ali wo mu kigwati ca Dhayra ati: "Amosozi yatanguye atemba mu maso. Iyo tutaba dufise udutambara dukanye ngo twipfuke iminwa n’amazuru, ntituba tukiriho uno musi”.

Kuva intambara itanguye muri Gaza, imishamirano yariyongereye ku rubibe rwa Israel na Libani, ihitana abantu ku mpande zompi, inatuma ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bata izabo.

Hezbollah, umuhari ufashwe mu mugongo na Irani ukaba kandi ukorana na Hamas, ni umwe mu mihari itegamiye reta ifise ibirwanisho karuhariwe kw’isi. Mu gihe impande zompi zama ziterana ibisasu hafi imisi yose, ibitero vya muzinga n’indege zitagira abadereva (drone) birekurwa n’abarwanyi ba Hezbollah vyishurwa ibitero vyo mu kirere be n’ibisasu bikomeye vya muzinga vy’igisirikare ca Israel. Muri ibi, harimwo ivyuka vya phosphore.

Iyo ibi vyuka vya phosphore bivuye mu gikono cavyo, bica vyicanganya n’impemu (oxygen) bigaca biteza umuzimagiza. Uno uca uba nk’inkinzo y’ingabo zirwanira hasi kuko uzibira umwansi kugira ntazibone. Uwu ni umukenyuro wa gisirikare kandi wemewe n’amategeko mu gihe kanaka.

Hagati aho, mu mategeko mpuzamakungu, impande zompi zifise inshingano yo gukingira abasivire mu gihe c’intambara.

Ni ryari ibi vyuka vya phosphore bimaze gukoreshwa mu ntambara?

Ibi vyuka vya phosphore vyarakoreshejwe n’ibisirikare rutura kw’isi hafi vyose mu kinjana giheze. Icahoze ari Ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti bwarabikoresheje cane mu ntambara ya kabiri y’isi yose, nk’uko bivugwa na CIA.

Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zaremeje ko zabikoresheje muri Iraki mu 2004, hanyuma kandi no muri Syria na Iraki mu kurwanya umuhari wiyitirira Reta ya Kisilamu (ISIS) mu 2017.

Israel na yo nyene iravugwa ko yabikoresheje mu gitero cayo ca 2008-2009 muri Gaza. Ariko inyuma y’aho ONU itangarije ko igisirikare ca Israel casamaye mw’ikoreshwa ryavyo, mu 2013 catangaje ko cari kigiye guhagarika vuba ikoreshwa ryavyo.

Abarwanyi ba Hezbollah bazwi ko bagenda mu turwiturwi duto duto tw’abantu babiri canke batatu. Mu bitero vyabo bakora binyegeje mu bibira, bakunze kurungika ibisasu vya misire na vya muzinga ku birindiro vy’ingabo za Israel biri ku rundi ruhande rw’urubibe. Mu kubatwikiriza ibi vyuka kumbure ni imwe mu nzira Israel ikoresha mu kubazibira.

Mu misi ikigwati ca Ali caterwa hagati y’uwa 10 na 19 Gitugutu, avuga ko ico gihe ata barwanyi bari muri ako karere.

Ali ati: "Iyo abarwanyi ba Hezbollah baba ariyo bari, abanyagihugu bari kubasaba kuhava kuko badashaka gupfa. Nta Hezbollah yari ihari".

BBC ntishobora guhinyuza niba muri Dhayra hari abarwanyi bariyo canke batariyo mu misi y’imbere canke y’inyuma y’ibi bitero.

Guhungisha abantu

Uwa mbere yashitse i Dhayra yari umuganga, Khaled Qraitem.

Khaled ati: "Twatanguye guhungisha abantu bari bataye ubwenge". Ariko mu gihe bariko bagerageza gushikira abantu, avuga ko abajejwe ubutabazi batewe ibisasu.

Khaled ati: "Baduteye ibisasu bitatu, bashaka kutubuza gutabara abantu canke kudutera ubwoba".

Khalid yibuka ko yatwaye abantu nibura icenda mu bitaro vy’abataliyano biri ahitwa Tyre. Harimwo se wiwe, Ibrahim.

Ibrahim w’imyaka 65 yamaze imisi itatu mu bitaro kubera ibibazo vyo guhema. Umuganga wiwe, Dr. Mohammad Mustafa, avuga ko yashoboye kuvura abarwayi benshi bahuye n’ivyuka vya prosphore.

Ati: "Abarwayi baza bafise ibimenyetso bikomeye vyo kubura impemu, kubira icuya cinshi, kudahwa bidahera, n’umutima utera nabi.

"Wamengo bariye ibitungurusumu. Ibipimo vy’amaraso vyerekana ko bahuye n’ivyuka vya prosphore".

Igihe twaja kubonana na Ibrahim inyuma y’amezi atatu, amaso yiwe yari agitukura. Amaboko yiwe yari yuzuye inkovu n’ibirabagu. Avuga ko abaganga bamubwiye ko vyose vyatewe n’ivyuka vya phosphore.

Ibrahim ati: "Kuva mu myaka ya 1970, turi mu ntambara. Ariko nta bintu nk’ibi twari bwabone. Ibiturika bigwa hafi y’imihana yacu".

Ibrahim avuga ko igisasu kimwe caguye ku metero zitandatu uvuye ku modoka yiwe igihe yagerageza guhunga. Avuga ko amadrone maneko y’igisirikare ca Israel yari hejuru yabo.

Ati: "Barashobora kutubona. Bariko bararasa mu rudavagi".

Ishirahamwe Amnesty International rivuga ko iki gitero kuri Dhayra "gitegerezwa gutohozwa nk’icaha co mu ntambara kuko cari igitero kitarobanura cakomerekeje abasivire nibura icenda, conona n’ibintu vy’abasivire, ni co gituma cari giteye kubiri n’amategeko".

Mu kwishura ku bivugwa n’ivyabona bivuga ko ivyuka vya phosphore vyakoreshejwe “mu rudavagi” kandi mu turere tubamwo abanyagihugu, igisirikare ca Israel cabwiye BBC kiti:

"Amabwirizwa y’igisirikare ca Israel asaba ko ibisasu birekura imyotsi birimwo ivyuka vya phosphore bidakoreshwa mu turere tubamwo abantu benshi, kiretse iyo hari ibintu bidasanzwe. Aya ni amabwirizwa y’ibanga agenga ibikorwa kandi ntashobora gushirwa ahabona".

Icemezo kw’ikoreshwa ry’ivyuka vya phosphore

Ubwo nyene inyuma y’igitero ku kigwati Ali abamwo, amakuru yaciye atangura kuzunguruka ku mbuga hwaniro.

Mu ntango igisirikare ca Israel cahakanye ko kitakoreshejeje ubwoko bw’ibi bisasu. Ariko mu nyuma carisubiyeko kiremera ko cabikoresheje ariko gikurikije “amategeko mpuzamakungu”.

Mu kugenzura ibimenyetso vyose vyari bihari, BBC yashoboye kugenzura ata ho yegamiye ikoreshwa ry’ivyuka vya phosphore muri Dhayra no mu bindi bigwati bitatu biri ku rubibe mu mezi atandatu aheze.

Ahitwa Kfar Kila, BBC yaronse yongera irapima ibisigarira vy’igisasu caguye hagati y’amazu abiri y’abasivire. Uno mwihwezo wakozwe n’umwigisha wa kaminuza azwi cane wa chimie. Kubera ibibazo vy’umutekano wiwe, yasavye ko izina ryiwe ritoshirwa ahabona.

Yambaye agapfukamunwa n’umwambaro wo kwikingira (PPE), uno mwigisha arihweza ibisigarira bitari bike vyirabura kandi bimata, biri ku munwa w’igisigarira c’iki gisasu.

Avuga ati: "Iki ni igisigarira c’igisasu ca muzinga 155mm yo mu bwoko bwa howitzer. Iki kimenyetso M825A1 cerekana ko ari igisasu c’ivyuka vya phosphore. Cahinguriwe muri Amerika".

Afise ikibiriti yatsa hanyuma akadomeka ivyo bisigarira bimata, ubwo nyene bica biraka.

Ati: "Iyumvire uriko ugerageza gukura mu mpuzu yawe ibi bintu biriko biraka kandi vyamase ku mubiri wawe".

N’imisi 30, nk’uko abivuga, irashobora guhera ibisigarira vy’ibi vyuka vya phosphore bicaka.

Khaled Qraitem yagiriza Israel ko ikoresha ivyuka vya phosphore n’ibigirankana kugira ngo yirukane abantu mu turere two ku rubibe.

Ati: "Twari dufise ubuzima bwiza mu mitumba. Batanguye batera amabombe y’ivyuka vya phosphore mu turere tw’ibibira mu ntumbero yo guturira ibiti vya olive n’imirima y’amavoka".

Kuri ibi bivugwa na Khaled, igisirikare ca Israel cishura kiti:

"Igisirikare ca Israel kiriyamiriza civuye inyuma ivyo cagirizwa ko gikoresha ibisasu vy’ivyuka kugira ngo cirukane abasivire baba ku rubibe muri Libani".

Israel yoba yarahonyanze amategeko?

Ivyuka vya phosphore ntibifatwa nk’ikirwanisho c’ubumara mbere no kuvuga ko ari ikirwanisho giturira biracateje impari.

Mu masezerano ya ONU ku bijanye n’ibirwanisho vyemewe (convention on conventional weapons, CCW), hari ibitemewe mw’ikoreshwa ry’ibirwanisho vyo guteza umuriro canke guturira abantu. Hagati aho, ibihugu vyinshi, harimwo na Israel, biremera ko niba hakoreshejwe ivyuka vya phosphore mu ntumbero yo guteza umuzimagiza, atari imiriro (nubwo rimwe na rimwe bishobora kuba), aha itegeko rijanye n’ibirwanisho biturira ntirikora.

Hagati aho, ishirahamwe Human Rights Watch (HRW) ntirivyemera. Rivuga ko hari “utunenge” twinshi mw’itegeko rivuga ibirwanisho vyemewe.

"Ano masezerano [CCW] arimwo utunenge, cane cane ku bijanye n’insiguro y’ibirwanisho biturira", nk’uko bivugwa na Ramzi Kaiss, umushakashatsi muri HRW. "Ariko mu mategeko mpuzamakungu akingira kiremwamuntu, impande zose zifise uruhara mu ntambara zitegerezwa gufata ingingo zo gukingira abasivire. Cane cane mw’ikoreshwa ry’ivyuka vya phosphore".

Kugira ngo hamenyekane nimba Israel yarahonyanze amategeko mpuzamakungu, Bill Boothby, umunyamategeko yigenga akaba n’umuhinga wa gisirikare, avuga ko ingorane ari “ivyemezo bivuguruzanya”.

"Abanya-Israel bavuga ko intego kwari ugutera umuzimiza umwansi”, nk’uko Prof. Boothby abivuga. "Ababa muri iki kigwati bavuga ko ata ntego yari ihari yo guteza umuzimiza kubera ko ata barwanyi bari bahari. None wumva koko iyo yari yo ntumbero yo gukoresha ivyuka vya phosphore?

“Kugira ngo uronke inyishu kuri iki kibazo vyoba ngombwa kubanza kumenya ivyari mu mitwe y’abafashe ingingo yo gukora iki gitero".

Prof. Boothby avuga kandi ko ikindi kibazo gihagaze ku kumenya nimba inyungu bashitseko mu vya gisirikare zoba ziringaniye n’ivyononekaye.

Eka no ng’aha nyene Prof. Boothby abona ko ari ngombwa kumenya ivyari mu mitwe y’abafashe ingingo yo gukora iki gitero n’intego yabo.

Kibajijwe intego yaco mu gitero caco i Dhayra, igisirikare ca Israel cishuye BBC kiti: " Aya ni amabwirizwa y’ibanga agenga ibikorwa kandi ntashobora gushirwa ahabona".