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Vaccines
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Novel Vaccines for Infectious Pathogens
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Novel Vaccines for Infectious Pathogens

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccines against Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2024 | Viewed by 15465

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Veerupaxagouda Patil

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences (CFAES), Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
Interests: immunology; vaccines; host-pathogen interactions; zoonotic infectious diseases
Dr. Dhruv Desai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Ryan Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Interests: vaccines; diagnosis; drug resistance; emerging disease; one health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vaccines are one of the most important life-saving public health tools. This is truly exemplified in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 has been a real wake-up call for researchers worldwide that they must be vigilant and prepared to mitigate the next pandemic, emerging or re-emerging infectious disease, or zoonotic infectious disease of food for animals/humans. Zoonotic infectious diseases of food for animals/humans caused by Swine influenza A viruses; avian influenza A viruses, such as highly pathogenic avian influenza in commercial and backyard flocks; or Salmonella in poultry are of significant public health and economic importance. According to an estimate by the centers for disease control and prevention (CDC), from 2009 to 2018, influenza A H1N1 pdm09 has caused at least 100.5 million illnesses, 936,000 hospitalizations, and 75,000 deaths in the United States.

Hence, novel vaccines against zoonotic infectious diseases of food for animals/humans are essential.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and literature or perspective reviews are welcome. Research areas may include, but are not limited to, the following: novel vaccines based on a variety of platforms/delivery/mechanism of action (innate immunity-based, trained immunity-based, CRISPR-based, AI-based, immunoinformatics-based, multi-omics-based, nanotechnology-based, mucosal nanovaccines, nucleic acid-based, protein subunit-based, cytotoxic T-cell-based, peptide epitope-based vaccines, nanoemulsion-based, plant-based, dendritic cell-based, vector-based, mRNA-based) against zoonotic and emerging infectious diseases of food for animals and humans, caused by viruses, such as swine influenza A viruses, avian influenza A viruses, and multi drug-resistant zoonotic pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureaus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and carbapenem-resistant enterobacterales (CRE), all of which are welcome. 

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Veerupaxagouda Patil
Dr. Dhruv Desai
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mucosal nanovaccines
  • zoonotic
  • infectious diseases
  • food animals
  • epitope based
  • trained immunity based
  • novel platform
  • multi-drug resistance

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review, Other

4 pages, 925 KiB  
Editorial
Artificial Intelligence in Public Health: Revolutionizing Epidemiological Surveillance for Pandemic Preparedness and Equitable Vaccine Access
by Pranav Anjaria, Varun Asediya, Prakrutik Bhavsar, Abhishek Pathak, Dhruv Desai and Veerupaxagouda Patil
Vaccines 2023, 11(7), 1154; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071154 - 26 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2537
Abstract
Epidemiological surveillance involves systematic gathering, analysis, interpretation, and sharing of health data, with the goal of preventing and controlling diseases [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Vaccines for Infectious Pathogens)
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Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review, Other

16 pages, 4341 KiB  
Article
Development and Evaluation of an Immunoinformatics-Based Multi-Peptide Vaccine against Acinetobacter baumannii Infection
by Sean Jeffreys, Megan P. Tompkins, Jadelynn Aki, Sara B. Papp, James P. Chambers, M. Neal Guentzel, Chiung-Yu Hung, Jieh-Juen Yu and Bernard P. Arulanandam
Vaccines 2024, 12(4), 358; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12040358 - 27 Mar 2024
Viewed by 776
Abstract
Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen associated with hospital-acquired infections. Due to its environmental persistence, virulence, and limited treatment options, this organism causes both increased patient mortality and incurred healthcare costs. Thus, prophylactic vaccination could be ideal for intervention against MDR [...] Read more.
Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen associated with hospital-acquired infections. Due to its environmental persistence, virulence, and limited treatment options, this organism causes both increased patient mortality and incurred healthcare costs. Thus, prophylactic vaccination could be ideal for intervention against MDR Acinetobacter infection in susceptible populations. In this study, we employed immunoinformatics to identify peptides containing both putative B- and T-cell epitopes from proteins associated with A. baumannii pathogenesis. A novel Acinetobacter Multi-Epitope Vaccine (AMEV2) was constructed using an A. baumannii thioredoxin A (TrxA) leading protein sequence followed by five identified peptide antigens. Antisera from A. baumannii infected mice demonstrated reactivity to rAMEV2, and subcutaneous immunization of mice with rAMEV2 produced high antibody titer against the construct as well as peptide components. Immunization results in increased frequency of IL-4-secreting splenocytes indicative of a Th2 response. AMEV2-immunized mice were protected against intranasal challenge with a hypervirulent strain of A. baumannii and demonstrated reduced bacterial burden at 48 h. In contrast, all mock vaccinated mice succumbed to infection within 3 days. Results presented here provide insight into the effectiveness of immunoinformatic-based vaccine design and its potential as an effective strategy to combat the rise of MDR pathogens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Vaccines for Infectious Pathogens)
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Review

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24 pages, 1528 KiB  
Review
Prevention and Control of Swine Enteric Coronaviruses in China: A Review of Vaccine Development and Application
by Fanzhi Kong, Huilin Jia, Qi Xiao, Liurong Fang and Qiuhong Wang
Vaccines 2024, 12(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12010011 - 21 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1320
Abstract
Swine enteric coronaviruses (SECs) cause significant economic losses to the pig industry in China. Although many commercialized vaccines against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) are available, viruses are still widespread. The recent emergence of porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and [...] Read more.
Swine enteric coronaviruses (SECs) cause significant economic losses to the pig industry in China. Although many commercialized vaccines against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) are available, viruses are still widespread. The recent emergence of porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), for which no vaccines are available, increases the disease burden. In this review, we first introduced the genomic organization and epidemiology of SECs in China. Then, we discussed the current vaccine development and application in China, aiming to provide suggestions for better prevention and control of SECs in China and other countries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Vaccines for Infectious Pathogens)
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21 pages, 738 KiB  
Review
Epitopes and Mimotopes Identification Using Phage Display for Vaccine Development against Infectious Pathogens
by Marco Palma
Vaccines 2023, 11(7), 1176; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071176 - 29 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2542
Abstract
Traditional vaccines use inactivated or weakened forms of pathogens which could have side effects and inadequate immune responses. To overcome these challenges, phage display has emerged as a valuable tool for identifying specific epitopes that could be used in vaccines. This review emphasizes [...] Read more.
Traditional vaccines use inactivated or weakened forms of pathogens which could have side effects and inadequate immune responses. To overcome these challenges, phage display has emerged as a valuable tool for identifying specific epitopes that could be used in vaccines. This review emphasizes the direct connection between epitope identification and vaccine development, filling a crucial gap in the field. This technique allows vaccines to be engineered to effectively stimulate the immune system by presenting carefully selected epitopes. Phage display involves screening libraries of random peptides or gene/genome fragments using serum samples from infected, convalescent, or vaccinated individuals. This method has been used to identify epitopes from various pathogens including SARS-CoV-2, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, hepatitis viruses, H5N1, HIV-1, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Dirofilaria repens. Bacteriophages offer advantages such as being immunogenic carriers, low production costs, and customization options, making them a promising alternative to traditional vaccines. The purpose of this study has been to highlight an approach that encompasses the entire process from epitope identification to vaccine production using a single technique, without requiring additional manipulation. Unlike conventional methods, phage display demonstrates exceptional efficiency and speed, which could provide significant advantages in critical scenarios such as pandemics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Vaccines for Infectious Pathogens)
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31 pages, 4158 KiB  
Review
Emerging Trends in Lipid-Based Vaccine Delivery: A Special Focus on Developmental Strategies, Fabrication Methods, and Applications
by Bharathi Karunakaran, Raghav Gupta, Pranav Patel, Sagar Salave, Amit Sharma, Dhruv Desai, Derajram Benival and Nagavendra Kommineni
Vaccines 2023, 11(3), 661; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030661 - 15 Mar 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3703
Abstract
Lipid-based vaccine delivery systems such as the conventional liposomes, virosomes, bilosomes, vesosomes, pH-fusogenic liposomes, transferosomes, immuno-liposomes, ethosomes, and lipid nanoparticles have gained a remarkable interest in vaccine delivery due to their ability to render antigens in vesicular structures, that in turn prevents its [...] Read more.
Lipid-based vaccine delivery systems such as the conventional liposomes, virosomes, bilosomes, vesosomes, pH-fusogenic liposomes, transferosomes, immuno-liposomes, ethosomes, and lipid nanoparticles have gained a remarkable interest in vaccine delivery due to their ability to render antigens in vesicular structures, that in turn prevents its enzymatic degradation in vivo. The particulate form of lipid-based nanocarriers confers immunostimulatory potential, making them ideal antigen carriers. Facilitation in the uptake of antigen-loaded nanocarriers, by the antigen-presenting cells and its subsequent presentation through the major histocompatibility complex molecules, leads to the activation of a cascade of immune responses. Further, such nanocarriers can be tailored to achieve the desired characteristics such as charge, size, size distribution, entrapment, and site-specificity through modifications in the composition of lipids and the selection of the appropriate method of preparation. This ultimately adds to its versatility as an effective vaccine delivery carrier. The current review focuses on the various lipid-based carriers that have been investigated to date as potential vaccine delivery systems, the factors that affect their efficacy, and their various methods of preparation. The emerging trends in lipid-based mRNA vaccines and lipid-based DNA vaccines have also been summarized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Vaccines for Infectious Pathogens)
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Other

30 pages, 1100 KiB  
Systematic Review
Indian Biosimilars and Vaccines at Crossroads–Replicating the Success of Pharmagenerics
by Sunita Panda, Puneet Kumar Singh, Snehasish Mishra, Sagnik Mitra, Priyabrata Pattnaik, Sanjib Das Adhikary and Ranjan K. Mohapatra
Vaccines 2023, 11(1), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010110 - 02 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3686
Abstract
Background: The global pharma sector is fast shifting from generics to biologics and biosimilars with the first approval in Europe in 2006 followed by US approval in 2015. In the form of Hepatitis B vaccine, India saw its first recombinant biologics approval in [...] Read more.
Background: The global pharma sector is fast shifting from generics to biologics and biosimilars with the first approval in Europe in 2006 followed by US approval in 2015. In the form of Hepatitis B vaccine, India saw its first recombinant biologics approval in 2000. Around 20% of generic medications and 62% of vaccines are now supplied by the Indian pharmaceutical industry. It is this good position in biologics and biosimilars production that could potentially improve healthcare via decreased treatment cost. India has witnessed large investments in biosimilars over the years. Numerous India-bred new players, e.g., Enzene Biosciences Ltd., are keen on biosimilars and have joined the race alongside the emerging giants, e.g., Biocon and Dr. Reddy’s. A very positive sign was the remarkable disposition during the COVID-19 pandemic by Bharat Biotech and the Serum Institute of India. India’s biopharmaceutical industry has been instrumental in producing and supplying preventives and therapeutics to fight COVID-19. Despite a weak supply chain and workforce pressure, the production was augmented to provide reasonably priced high-quality medications to more than 133 nations. Biosimilars could cost-effectively treat chronic diseases involving expensive conventional therapies, including diabetes, respiratory ailments, cancer, and connective tissue diseases. Biologics and biosimilars have been and are being tested to treat and manage COVID-19 symptoms characterized by inflammation and respiratory distress. Purpose of review: Although India boasts many universities, research centers, and a relatively skilled workforce, its global University–Industry collaboration ranking is 24, IPR ranking remains 47 and innovation ranking 39. This reveals a wide industry-academia gap to bridge. There are gaps in effective translational research in India that must be promptly and appropriately addressed. Innovation demands strong and effective collaborations among universities, techno-incubators, and industries. Methodology: Many successful research findings in academia do not get translation opportunities supposedly due to low industrial collaboration, low IP knowledge, and publication pressure with stringent timelines. In light of this, a detailed review of literature, including policy papers, government initiatives, and corporate reviews, was carried out, and the compilation and synthesis of the secondary data were meticulously summarized for the easy comprehension of the facts and roadmap ahead. For easy comprehension, charts, figures, and compiled tables are presented. Results: This review assesses India’s situation in the biosimilar space, the gaps and areas to improve for Indian investment strategies, development, and innovation, addressing need for a more skilled workforce, industrial collaboration, and business models. Conclusions: This review also proposes forward an approach to empowering technopreneurs to develop MSMEs for large-scale operations to support India in taking innovative thoughts to the global level to ultimately realize a self-reliant India. The limitations of the compilation are also highlighted towards the end. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Vaccines for Infectious Pathogens)
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