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immune system
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References & Edit History Quick Facts & Related Topics
Images, Videos & Interactives
immune stimulation by activated helper T cells human body systems interactive clonal selection of a B cell
Observe the human immune response phagocytosis
What is the field of immunogenomics?
macrophage structure macrophage attacking a cancer cell diagram of the activities of T and B cells diagram of the human lymphatic system human T cell; human T lymphocyte
For Students
cytotoxic T cell
immune system summary
Quizzes
3d illustration human heart. Adult Anatomy Aorta Black Blood Vessel Cardiovascular System Coronary Artery Coronary Sinus Front View Glowing Human Artery Human Heart Human Internal Organ Medical X-ray Myocardium
Human Organs
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Videos

Observe the human immune response phagocytosis
Learn about the human immune response phagocytosis by watching time-lapse photography...
Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
What is the field of immunogenomics?
Learn about the immune system and the field of immunogenetics.
Video: HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
immune-mediated diseases
The challenges of treating immune-mediated diseases.
Video: AbbVie (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
Why do people have allergies in the spring?
Learn what allergies are and what causes them.
Video: © American Chemical Society (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
Can autoimmune diseases be treated more effectively?
Researchers developed an experimental immune system treatment, returning the power...
Video: © American Chemical Society (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
The difference between viral and bacterial infections
Learn how to effectively use antibiotics.
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz
Learn about hygiene hypothesis and know-how the immune system recognize and neutralize foreign bacteria from harming the body
The hygiene hypothesis, proposed in the late 1980s by American immunologist David...
Video: © MinuteEarth (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
Why do people get a fever when they're sick?
Learn about fevers, including the role of the hypothalamus, which regulates the body's...
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz
Learn about the hygiene hypothesis and understand how exposure to certain germs help develop a child's immunity
Research suggests that exposure to germs early in life helps a child develop a healthy...
Video: Science in Seconds (www.scienceinseconds.com) (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
Discover how scavengers prevent illnesses caused by microbes and other pathogens that inhabit the carcasses they consume
The strategies that scavengers, such as vultures, burying beetles, and spotted hyenas,...
Video: © MinuteEarth (A Britannica Publishing Partner)

Images

immune stimulation by activated helper T cells
Stimulation of immune response by activated helper T cells. Activated by complex...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
clonal selection of a B cell
Clonal selection of a B cell. Activated by the binding of an antigen to a specific...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
macrophage structure
Macrophages, the principal phagocytic (cell-engulfing) components of the immune system,...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
macrophage attacking a cancer cell
Scanning electron micrograph of a macrophage (purple) attacking a cancer cell (yellow).
Microworks/Phototake
diagram of the activities of T and B cells
Acquired immunity depends on the activities of T and B lymphocytes (T and B cells)....
© Merriam-Webster Inc.
diagram of the human lymphatic system
The human lymphatic system, showing the lymphatic vessels and lymphoid organs.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
human T cell; human T lymphocyte
A scanning electron micrograph of a T cell (T lymphocyte) from the immune system...
NIAID
antigen, antibody, and lymphocyte
Phagocytic cells destroy viral and bacterial antigens by eating them, while B cells...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
antibody structure
The four-chain structure of an antibody, or immunoglobulin, molecule. The basic unit...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
variable and constant domains of an antibody
Variable (V) and constant (C) domains within the light (L) and heavy (H) chains of...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
diagram of the hinge region of an antibody molecule
(A) The hinge region of an antibody molecule opens and closes to allow better binding...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
classes of antibodies
The five main classes of antibodies (immunoglobulins): IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE, and IgM.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
T-cell antigen receptor
The basic structure of a typical T-cell antigen receptor.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
cytotoxic T cell
A cytotoxic T cell (left) recognizes antigens on the surface of a cell infected with...
© C. Edelmann/Petit Format
pathways of complement activation
The main function of complement proteins is to aid in the destruction of pathogens...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
historical mass vaccination programs in the United States
In the United States, mass vaccination programs carried out against diphtheria, polio,...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
schematic representation of proteins of the immunoglobulin superfamily
Schematic representation of some proteins of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily....
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Interactives

human body systems interactive
Interactive diagram of the major systems of the human body beginning on the immune...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
VIEW MORE in these related Britannica articles: